- ...external
- Also called non-qualitative characteristics:
characteristics that can be easily determined by means of direct
observation or inquiry.
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- ...non-external
- The opposite of external characteristics, also
called qualitative characteristics.
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- ...testing
- The concepts of
validity and relevance differ mainly as to the
research phase involved: the former refers to the test
procedure and the latter to (presentation of) the test results
(i.e. product information).
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- ...problem.
- E.g.,
(Roman85Roman85). It is indicative of the increasing
realisation of this that Michael Jackson, of Jackson Structured
Design, now works in the area of Requirements Engineering.
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- ...methodology.
- KADS may have originally started life as an
acronym, but uncertainty appears to have developed about what it is
an acronym of, and it is generally used as a proper name.
`Knowledge' and `Acquisition' are definately in there somewhere.
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- ...first
- The stage of requirements definition
in a software project is never as self-contained as implied by the
V-diagram in Figure C.2.1. The V-diagram should only
be taken as indicative of the relationships between the
results of the various analysis and design, implementation and
evaluation stages; the actual processes by which these results are
arrived at are more likely to follow an iterative procedure, such as
formalised in Boehm's (Boehm88Boehm88 ) spiral software development
process model. Notions of `first' and `next' should be understood
in this light.
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- ...domain
- See (Grainger93Grainger93)
for an account of the need to analyse both learner and native English
for EFL applications, for example.
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- ...after.
- Note that this takes the simplest possible
view of the purpose of spell-checking; a more detailed account would
have to consider the rather different overall tasks involved where
proposed corrections in a document have to be negotiated with the
writer, or where part of the purpose is to facilitate learning by
the writer, purposes which place extra contraints on the output of
checking.
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- ...text.
- This sort of decomposition, identifying new
concepts and connecting them to previous ones by relations such as
part-of, corresponds to the domain layer of the expertise
model in KADS.
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- ...fell
- In
this sentence raced has to be reinterpreted as a
pastparticiple form of the verb instead of a past tense form.
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- ...checking
- There are even
characteristics that can be stretched to all text transformation
setups, such as translation, but that will not be pursued further
here.
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- ...significantly
- Earlier, we noted that writer and end-user are
often the same: thus, all three user types are combined in the
typical self-correcting word processor user of a checker.
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- ...terms
- The issue of precision will be touched on in the next
section.
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- ...II)
- cf. Höge, M.; Hohmann, A.; Mayer, R.: Evaluation of TWB -
Operationalization and Test Results. Final Report of the ESPRIT II
Project 2315 Translator's Workbench (TWB). Stuttgart, 1992,
unpublished and Höge, M.; Hohmann, A.; van der Horst, K.; Evans, S.;
Caeyers, H.: User Participation in the TWB II Project - the First
Test Cycle. Report of the ESPRIT II Project 6005 Translator's
Workbench II (TWB II). Stuttgart, Paris, Luxembourg, 1993,
unpublished.
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- ...study
- cf. Fulford, H.; Höge, M.; Ahmad, K.: User Requirements
Study. Final Report of the ESPRIT II Project 2315 Translator's
Workbench (TWB). Stuttgart and Guildford, 1990, unpublished.
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- ...memory
- cf.\
Appendix Feature Checklist Examples:
Features of Translator's Workstations; descriptions were prepared for IBM TM
II and Trados TW II.
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- ...plural.
- This particular example is related to the
testing of French.
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- ...question.
- For instance, in the French checker:
`CONJONCTURE': ETAT, CIRCONSTANCES. NE CONFONDEZ PAS AVEC
`CONJECTURE': SUPPOSITION, HYPOTHESE. `conjuncture`:
state, circumstances. Do not confuse with conjecture:
supposition, hypothesis; in the English checker: -`AFFECT'
AS A VERB MEANS `INFLUENCE'. YOU MAY WANT THE VERB `EFFECT', MEANING
`BRING ABOUT' OR `CAUSE'.-.
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- ...flagged.
- It is
not always the case that in such words priority is given to nouns
rather than verbs; in fact, in the sequence interest rates,
which appears many times throughout the texts, rates is almost
always recognised as a verb, the subject of which is interest.
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- ...agreement.
- For instance:
On June 16, 1989, the EC Finance Ministers tentatively set the
new weightings for the currencies in the ECU basket for the
-(THE SINGULAR SUBJECT `PERIOD' TAKES A SINGULAR VERB,
NOT THE PLURAL VERB `SEE'.)- period from September
1989 to September 1994 (see Table 1, last column).
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- ...ailes.
- The
translation, taken form the corresponding English version of the
same bulletin, is: The nonmaterialization of interest rate
increases in Europe and Japan further fueled its [the dollar's]
momentum. A sharp upsurge followed in the wake of the news that
the U. S. trade gap had narrowed significantly in July.
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- ...sentence''.
- We agree that this
is borderline false flagging, since E1 does not mark it as
an error per se, but merely gives a suggestion of the typical
style.
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- ...systems
- EAGLES only NB: We have changed the title of
our section in order to avoid confusion with the Information
Management System (IMS) of IBM.
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- ...translator
- The envisaged user of the proposed system is
either a technical writer or a translator.
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